GUZERAT

Guzerat Cattle: A Sturdy and Versatile Zebu Breed

The Guzerat (also spelled Guzerá, Gujera, Gujrati, Gusera, Guzerath) is a Zebu (Bos indicus) cattle breed developed in Brazil from Kankrej cattle originally imported from India between 1875 and 1964. The breed was selectively developed to enhance its size, strength, and adaptability, making it one of the most prized draft and beef breeds in the world.

Origins and Characteristics

Guzerat cattle retain many of the same physical characteristics as their Kankrej ancestors, including their tall stature, high horns, and robust build. However, Guzerat cattle tend to be larger, darker, and have longer horns than Kankrej cattle.

• Coloration: Ranges from light gray to almost black at maturity, with bulls often darker on the head, neck, and forequarters.
• Horns: Long, lyre-shaped horns that curve outward and upward.
• Head & Ears: Short, broad faces with long, pendulous ears that tend to open forward.
• Body Type: Large-framed, muscular cattle with a strong bone structure, making them ideal for draft work and beef production.

Uses and Strengths

Guzerat cattle are valued for their dual-purpose traits, excelling in both draft work and beef production, with moderate milk production as well.

• Draft Power: Known as one of the most powerful draft breeds in India and Brazil, Guzerat oxen are widely used in agriculture and transportation.
• Beef Production: The breed has been selectively improved in Brazil for beef quality, with animals exhibiting rapid growth rates, good muscling, and high carcass yield.
• Milk Production: While not as prolific as dairy breeds, Guzerat cows can produce a moderate amount of milk, often with high butterfat content.
• Heat & Pest Resistance: Like other Bos indicus breeds, Guzerat cattle are highly heat-tolerant and naturally resistant to parasites and tropical diseases, making them well-suited for hot and humid climates.

Influence on Other Breeds

Guzerat cattle have played a major role in the development of several other breeds, particularly in the United States and Brazil.

• In the U.S., Guzerat was one of the four primary Indian breeds used to develop the American Brahman, along with Gir, Nelore, and Kankrej.
• In Brazil, Guzerat genetics have contributed to the enhancement of several Zebu beef breeds, including the Indubrasil and Tabapuã.
• The breed is maintained as a pure population in India and Brazil, with smaller numbers in the United States and other tropical regions.

Conclusion

The Guzerat breed remains an essential part of tropical cattle farming, known for its strength, resilience, and adaptability. With its hardy nature, powerful frame, and beef potential, Guzerat cattle continue to be a valuable genetic resource in the global cattle industry.